Sailing Alone Around the World, part 2 (episode 248)

Transcript

Music

Jake:
[0:05] Welcome to hub history where we go far beyond the freedom trail to share our favorite stories from the history of boston, the hub of the universe.
This is episode 2 48, Sailing alone around the world. Part II.
Hi, I’m jake. This week, I’m continuing the story of Joshua slocum and his solo circumnavigation of the globe, which I began in the last episode.
If you haven’t listened to episode 247, hit pause now and go back and listen to it because you’re going to be confused otherwise.
In this episode, we’ll follow Captain Slocum as he builds the little slope spray and hatches a plan to make money for his family by sailing alone around the world.
For the very first time, we’ll follow his astounding path from boston to the rock of Gibraltar back to south America and through the months long ordeal of the straits of Magellan,
we’ll learn how he sailed thousands of miles across the south pacific to Samoa without ever touching the wheel of this loop.
While his family worried that he had perished at sea and we’ll follow him on his pilgrimage to the home of Treasure Island, author, robert louis Stevenson, his inventor in South Africa and finally across the atlantic and home,
Covering about 46,000 miles in three years, two months and two days.

[1:32] But before we talk about Captain Slocum’s adventures while sailing alone around the world, I just want to pause and thank everyone who supports hub history on Patreon.
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[2:45] And now it’s time for this week’s main topic when I last episode left off Captain Joshua Slocum had buried his beloved first wife Virginia near Buenos Aires returned to boston to grieve and met and married his second wife Hettie,
for their honeymoon.
Hedi and two of Joshua’s Children joined them on a merchant crews to brazil.
That turned into a three year ordeal that saw them getting shipwrecked building their own oversized sailing canoe and then sailing that boat which was christened, delivered odd back home.

[3:19] Captain Slocum published a book about their experience. While he and Heady found themselves living just a few blocks apart in east boston,
the captain began dreaming of a new adventure, something involving small boat navigation and loneliness at sea.
In the meantime he took whatever jobs he could mostly coasting jobs where he would haul small loads of coal or timber up and down the new England coast, working for wages when he had once owned his own magnificent barks and schooners,
all the while casting about for the right small vessel that a lone man could pilot.
Finally, in 1890 to an old friend in whaling captain told him that he had just the right boat and Slocum could have it for free, adding slightly that it might need a few repairs.
It was probably kind of like seeing ran when parked in an ad for a used car today.

[4:14] Captain Slocum made haste to the south coast of massachusetts. Writing later the next day I landed at fair Haven opposite New Bedford and found that my friend had something of a joke on me for seven years. The joke had been on him.
The ship proved to be a very antiquated, called the spray, which the neighbors declared have been built in the year one.
She was affectionately propped up in a field some distance from salt water and was covered with canvas.
Seeing somebody take an interest in the old sloopy, passerby asked him if he was there to break up the old boat for scrap, and he announced that he would rebuild her.
When he was asked if that would pay, he grimly stated that he would make it pay.
Then he got to work writing my ax, felt a stout oak tree nearby for Akil and Farmer Howard for a small sum of money hauled in this and enough timbers for the frame of the new vessel.
I rigged a steam box in a pot for the boiler. The timbers for ribs being straight. Saplings were dressed and steamed till supple, and then bent over a log, where they were secured until set.
Something tangible appeared every day to show for my labor, and the neighbors made the work sociable.

[5:31] During these long months of shipyard work, Joshua lived rent free with an old sea captain friend in New Haven.
His biographer, walter, magnus teller says that Heady visited him frequently on weekends and that he often went into boston to see her as well.
It seems that their separation during this time was not one of malice from his description of this work. It appears that Captain Slocum spent just as much time talking to the curious whalers who’d walk over from New Bedford as he actually did working on the spray.
But the boat slowly took shape as it neared completion, Slocum wrote,
the sprays dimensions were when finished, 36 ft nine inches long overall, 14 ft two inches wide and four ft two inches deep in the hold.
Her tonnage being nine tons net and 12 and 7100 tons gross.
Then the mast. A smart new Hampshire spruce was fitted, and likewise all the small apartments is necessary for a short cruise.
Finally, after many months of hard work, the completely rebuilt spray was launched, and Slocum noted proudly as she wrote her ancient rusty and anchor.
She sat on the water like a swan.

[6:48] In between his paying voyages, including one where he delivered a torpedo boat to the Brazilian Navy in the middle of a civil war. That would be worthy of its own podcast.
Captain Slocum began testing out his little slope.
He told the Boston Globe in an article published under a Gloucester Dateline on July 15, 1893 that he was trying his hand at fishing.
Captain Joshua slocum of the spray. A 40 ft sloops is here for the purpose of going on a mackerel hooking trip.
Captain Slocum hails from Fairhaven, where he built this craft during the winter.
His crew consists of his son Garfield, age 13 years.
He was advised that Block Island is the best ground for a small boat to engage in this fishery and will probably go there.
Slocum would later write that I spent a season in my new craft fishing on the coast, only to find that I had not the cunning, properly debate a hook.

[7:47] Despite that self awareness, the captain was a cunning self promoter.
So in november of the same year, the Globe reported on a new method of fishing, that he’d worked out during a season on the macro banks in the spray.
The present season has been what may prove to be the beginning of the revival of the macro fishing industry.
Mackerel, it has said, have been more than plenty on our coast during the past summer than for some years before.
A correspondent of the globe has visited the slopes spray of Fairhaven, commanded by Captain Joshua Slocum, whose home is in boston.
Captain Slocum has been following the fishing business during the past season, and has invented an apparatus for catching mackerel, which has not only proved very effective, but shows the inventive genius of the hardy mariner.

[8:36] This apparatus consists of a long net some 60 ft long, by 40 in depth, and is suspended from the side of the loop, one end being fastened to the outer end of the Ball Spirit, and the other insecure to the David at the stern,
the nets heavily weighted to keep it in place while the vessel is drifting and has let down beside and close to the hull of the vessel.
Two long poles are run out horizontally from the vessel’s side, one near the four rigging and the other at the stern and ropes are led from the masthead to the outer end of these polls, and thence to the corners of the net below the surface of the water,
the vessel being hove to in the usual way bait is thrown as when fishing by hand lines,
and when a good sized school is alongside the ropes from the masthead are pulled in the net, which has been in a perpendicular position, is pulled out under them, and before they realize it the fish are lifted clean out of the water and deposited upon the vessel’s deck.
If the quantity should be a large one there bailed from the net, the same as from the pocket of a sane.

[9:41] The net being lifted by its corners, of course, causes it to sag in the center, which makes a sack from which the mackerel cannot escape.
Another novel feature of the apparatus is that in case the fish get on the wrong side of the net, that that’s under the vessel’s hull, it’s only necessary to raise the net in the center and let the fish pass under it.
Captain Slocum said that the mackerel did not show the slightest signs of fear.
They played about the net, even picking bits of bait from its meshes while it was being lifted under them, and they were captured without the slightest difficulty,
from the glowing accounts which the captain gave to his new invention, it would seem that it’s destined to revolutionize the present methods of catching mackerel, and must indeed prove of interest to all connected with the fishing industries of New England.
Captain Slocum says he will not seek to patent his invention, but would be content to give it a name.
He proposes to call it the spray spring net, and will claim no royalties for its use.
Captain Slocum expects to spend the winter in southern waters. His first objective point being the West Indies,
he will try for fish of various kinds and may also secure a quantity of shells, sponges and other marine curiosities which are so abundant in those waters.

[11:00] After a couple of seasons on the fishing banks, Joshua Slocum was ready to announce his plans to the world and the Globe article, about a week before his departure described the little spray and noted Captain Joshua.
Slocum is the name of her builder, owner, skipper, crew cook and cabin boy From the greater part of this voyage, Captain Slocum will be alone unless, as he says, my wife changes her mind about staying ashore.
This contingency the captain seems to regard as a remote one, however free is making all his preparations for a solitary voyage.

[11:37] His planned route seems to have been up in the air right up until his departure from Boston on April 24, 1895, because he told the reporter who wrote that article, he was planning to sail straight to Panama,
and tried to get the spray hauled across the Isthmus and enter the Pacific Ocean that way.
But a week later, when he departed, he said that he would be sailing the other way around the world through the Mediterranean, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the Indian ocean beyond,
whichever rowdy took the globe article noted that the ship was well prepared for the adventure.

[12:13] She has most solidly built, with a white oak eel in frames and yellow planking, and her builder, who did all the work himself, can vouch for the faithfulness of the workmen.
She does not leak a drop forward. She has a small for castle, with a couple of bunks and av. She has a comfortable cabin under a low house.
The captain will make his birth in the cabin, and we’ll cook, eat and sleep there.
The wheel has put a step after the companion way. The bulwarks are low, but a stout hard pine rail with stan chins, gives a hold for the hands and affords support in the seaway.
The spray will be thoroughly provisioned, and our captain will carry a revolver for armament.
If he finds time for reading, he can turn to some convenient shelves in the cabin, and will there find a set of Shakespeare Macaulay’s history of England, together with many lighter works, the gifts of his friends.

[13:11] In his cabin to were charts for all over the world, a sextant compass and chronometer,
and as the captain is an expert navigator, and has already been around the world five times.
He ought to be able to find his way.

[13:26] After showing off a little bit for the watching photographers, as his solo voyage began from east boston, Captain Slocum first set a course for Gloucester to pick up the last of the supplies you need for an open ocean crossing.
In his memoir of the voyage, he described how happy he was with the speed, maneuverability of the spray on this first day of sailing, but also how nervous he was when it came time to take her into Gloucester harbor all by himself.
The bay was feather white as my little vessel, Torin smothered in foam.
It was my first experience of coming into port alone with the craft of any size, and in among shipping.

[14:07] Old fisherman ran down to the wharf, for which the spray was heading, apparently intent on bringing herself there.
I hardly know how a calamity was averted, but with my heart in my mouth almost I let go the wheel stepped quickly forward and down to the jib, the slope naturally rounded in the wind, and just ranging ahead.
Later, cheek against a mooring pilot, the windward corner of the wharf so quietly, after all that she would not have broken an egg very leisurely. I passed a rope around the post, and she was moored.
Then a cheer went up from the little crowd on the wharf.
You couldn’t have done it better if you had weighed a ton, cried an old skipper.
Now my weight was rather less than the 15th part of a ton. But I said nothing, only putting on a look of careless indifference to say for me.
Oh, that’s nothing for some of the ablest sailors in the world were looking at me, and my wish was not to appear green bright of mind to stay in cluster.
Several days had I uttered a word, it surely would have betrayed me, but I was still quite nervous and short of breath.

[15:15] The spray remained moored in Gloucester for almost two weeks while our captain laid in dried cod oil to calm the waves.
A special lantern, to help avoid collisions with larger craft and a variety of fishing nets to help keep him fed on his journey.
He also salvaged a castaway dory and cut it in half,
the front half of the little rowboat, carefully patched and again, watertight was just the right size for one man to lift in and out of the water from the deck of the spray, and it would do double duty as a bathtub and washing machine when he wasn’t using it to row to shore.

[15:51] The little slope and its solitary captain got underway again on May seven with a wire service story stating that he was heading straight for South America and expected to get there in five weeks while at the same time, a globe story said that he was headed for Gibraltar,
after leaving Gloucester, the spray stopped briefly in maine, then again at Yarmouth nova Scotia, just a few miles down the coast from where the captain had grown up Here.
He bought some butter and potatoes for the voyage, as well as the cheap 10 clock that he would use for navigating the oceans of the world instead of a more traditional chronometer.

[16:29] If you’re a caller episode about Boston, standard time back in January 2020, calculating latitude could be done with the Sexton,
but longitude required an ultra precise timepiece to find his exact position on a map, Joshua, Slocum would need to know both his latitude and longitude.
The latitude, of course, is how far north or south you are relative to the equator.
With lines of latitude circling the earth parallel to the equator.
Well longitude is your position east or west around the globe with lines of latitude circling the earth in the other direction and all intersecting with one another at the north and south poles.

[17:09] Because the system was laid out during the height of the british empire. The prime meridian in the line of longitude that everything else is based on runs through Greenwich England.
Finding latitude, assuming the navigator has the training and the necessary reference tables is actually pretty simple.
They simply measure the angle of the sun, stars and other celestial bodies above the horizon When they reach their highest point.
Take the north star for example, it remains within one degree of true north. So all you need to know is when it’s reached its highest elevation of the night.
When it’s there, look directly ahead at the horizon, then tilt your head back until you’re looking at the north star.
If you tilted your head back at a 15 degree angle your latitudes approximately 15 degrees north navigational tables and manuals give the calculations for using the sun or another star.
And of course when he was all alone out at sea. Captain Slocum would have used the sexton on the spray to shoot precise angles rather than just tipping his head back and guessing.

[18:17] Longitude is a little more tricky. Calculating longitude also relies on measuring the angle of the north stars highest point,
for longitude, though a second angle must be taken to a star directly on the eastern or western horizon.
Again, navigational tables give the calculation to turn these two numbers into a longitude.
However, in this case there’s a catch the earth spins at 1000 miles an hour, so the navigational tables have to be adjusted for the local time.
For this To work, the navigator must have an incredibly accurate timepiece. Known as a chronometer and all. Slocum had was the old 10 clock that he purchased in nova Scotia.
So you’d have to rely on dead reckoning for much of his navigation.

[19:05] In a 2001 article called Adventures in celestial navigation Philip, Gerard rights.
Dead Reckoning has nothing to do with mortality. The dead comes from, deduced what you think, you know, based on history, the history of the boat you’re sailing in,
where she was when you last knew for sure how fast she’s been moving since.
And in what direction you draw a line along your true course to reflect that projected path five hours, say, at six knots equals 30 nautical miles of distance along that course.
Line from your last known position, you don’t know yet what the title said and the currents have done to her or leeway.
Her tendency to slide a little sideways as she moves forward, as we all do using a sextant and 10 o’clock.
Captain Slocum could shoot his asthma deaths in largely confirm his position, but without a chronometer, his longitude would always be approximate,
as Gerard points out, seconds matter and navigation time means distance in all sorts of ways.
Four seconds error in recording time results in an east west position error of a whole nautical mile.
The 10 clock could just not be counted on for that level of accuracy, especially as months eventually turned two years and the voyage continued.

[20:30] For now, though, the voyage was just getting started. It was only when Captain Slocum departed Nova Scotia and headed out across the open atlantic that his adventure truly began.
And his memoir records this moment on july 1st, after a rude Gayle.
The wind came out of northwest and clear, propitious for a good run.
On the following day I sailed from the army math and let go my last hold on America.
The log on my first day on the atlantic and the spray reads briefly.
9:30 a.m. Sailed from Dartmouth 4 30 PM past Cape Sable distance three cables from the land, the slope, making eight knots fresh breeze to northwest.

[21:19] On this first leg of the journey over open ocean, The captain learned that he could set a course lash the wheel of the slope fast and go to sleep, and the boat would hold a true course.

[21:31] He learned that being alone sometimes meant loneliness, especially when he was alone with his thoughts at night. And he wrote during these days, a feeling of awe crept over me.
My memory worked with startling power, the ominous, the insignificant, the Great, the small, the wonderful, the commonplace all appeared before my mental vision and magical succession,
pages of my history were recalled that had been so long forgotten that they seem to belong to a previous existence.

[22:00] When he was working hard to trim the sails, set the tiller and keep the slope running true, he was too busy to be lonesome.
He took up singing while he worked to further distract his mind from memory from time to time, other ships broke up the monotony.
He always traded news with anyone who came within hailing distance.
A spanish captain even sent him over a nice bottle of wine, rigged to a rope between the vessels.
Any westbound ships he conversed with, sent word to boston of his progress when they arrived in the Americas.
So readers of the boston globe already knew that he was headed for Gibraltar, and not directly to brazil.
By the time Joshua! Slocum finally reached european shore’s When he did finally arrive at the legendary British fortification at the mouth of the Mediterranean Captain Slocum wrote in an article for the Boston Globe in October 1895,
august 4th the spray arrived at Gibraltar at about three p.m.
And came to under the legal protection of the famous Rock.
Having made the voyage in 32 days from boston, 29 days from Cape Sable, With even 19 hands on board, the spray would not have come more quickly.

[23:13] The slope had left Boston in April and Nova Scotia on July one. So those times are exaggerated, but that doesn’t diminish Joshua. Slocum’s accomplishment in navigating the high seas alone.
The British officers manning the defenses at Gibraltar seem to appreciate captain slocum’s daring do, and they wined and dined him for 20 straight days.
They also gave him intelligence about the conditions that lay ahead, convincing them that discretion was the better part of valor, and that the best approach would be to turn back and around the world. In the other direction.
The reason pirates And an account of his time at Gibraltar, published in the globe on August 24, the captain wrote.
The spray is turned back from the mediterranean and Red Sea to press the atlantic again.
All on account of pirates and being herself unarmed.
Naval officers of experience, have given me advice that I cannot make light of.
And Captain Ketchen here on the Vanderbilt tells me that he wouldn’t go through the Red Sea in a small vessel unarmed for £1 million, quite a large sum.
It is a hard commentary on the cradle of civilization.
The spray will come through the Red Sea dangerous to navigation accepted and life and health spared, but will come prepared at present.
She’s only equipped for the elements.

[24:40] It is with great reluctance that I changed the course from the Red Sea to the south atlantic ocean, where the spray sufficiently armed she would not take water for all the pirates on the coast of Arabia.
I was not aware until my arrival here. The piracy is still carried on, but I’m assured by the best authority that on the coast of Morocco and in the Red Sea, it’s as bad as ever in the world.
This being the case, it’s only prudent to go around outside, although it is a long way.
So instead of a camel for a christmas drive in the torrid zone, I will, if all goes well beyond the spray and the latitudes of ice and whales.
The old man is not afraid of the pirates, but he doesn’t want to lose the spray.

[25:26] On August 25 he left Gibraltar again, heading west.
This time he set a course for south America, making smooth progress for about the first three weeks.
Then, on september 16th the spray entered the doldrums, a belt extending about five degrees on either side of the equator, where the prevailing winds from each hemisphere collide with one another and fall silent.

[25:53] Without wind to fill a sales and lashed by rain.
The spray has been about nine days lumbering slowly forward, occasionally trading signals with passing steamers.
Finally, a day or two after drifting across the equator, the wind returned, and the captain noted in his memoir,
The southeast trade winds met rather light in about four degrees gave her sales now a stiff full, sending her handsomely over the sea towards the coast of brazil,
where on october 5th without further incident she made the land casting anchor and Pernambuco harbor about noon, 40 days from Gibraltar, and all. Well on board.
Did I tire of the voyage and all that time? Not a bit of it.
I was never in better trim in all my life, and I was eager for the more perilous experience of rounding the horn.

[26:48] In his merchant days. The captain had made so many voyages to Pernambuco that he knew it probably better than any other city.
He spent almost 20 days in the city visiting friends and buying supplies.

[27:02] On October 24 he left his home away from home for Rio, where the spray arrived on November five throughout the journey.
Up to this point, Captain Slocum had been sending letters home while he was import and occasionally filing stories about his adventures that ran in the boston globe and other papers, some of which I’ve quoted.
But after leaving Pernambuco for Rio, he fell silent while in the capital city. He tried to get the Brazilian government to pay him for delivering that torpedo boat to their navy the previous year, but the effort was unsuccessful.

[27:39] Knowing that the most dangerous stretch of sailing lay ahead either by traversing the strait of Magellan or rounding Cape Horn from the atlantic into the pacific Captain Slocum also decided to re rig the spray while he was in Rio.
In his memoir, he describes the change and the backseat drivers who helped him the spray with a number of old ship masters on board sailed about the harbor of Rio the day before she put to sea,
as I decided to give the spray a yawl rig for the tempestuous waters of Patagonia I hear placed on the stern a semicircular brace to support a jigger mast.

[28:17] These old captain’s inspected the sprays rigging, and each one contributed something to her outfit.
Captain jones, who had acted as my interpreter at Rio gave her an anchor one of the steamers gave her a cable to match it.
She never dragged jones anchor once on the voyage, and the cable not only stood the strain on a lee shore, but when towed off Cape Horn helped break the combing sees a stern that threatened the border.

[28:45] When Joshua Slocum sailed the little spray out of Rio de Janeiro on November 28, he knew that making the Pacific would be hard, but he probably didn’t suspect that it would take him almost five months.
That time would be full of challenges, many of them life threatening, from navigational hazards to storms, to pirates, to questionable encounters with the indigenous residents of the Chilean headlands.

[29:12] The first setback came on December 11 when he ran aground on a sandbar in the middle of the night, just after crossing the border from Brazil to Uruguay.
In the aftermath, he almost drowned while using his little half dory to row an anchor out to deeper water in an attempt to haul himself off the bar and he almost lost all his gear to locals who thought the spray was fair game for salvage.
The next morning though he was able to float the spray again with the help of a german farmer, a Uruguayan soldier and an italian sailor,
and with the additional help of a local coast guardsman, he was able to round up almost all of his gear and provisions that had attempted to grow legs during the night.

[29:55] The ship was repaired, the Uruguayan port of maldonado and then further at Montevideo before spending some days in Buenos Aires catching up with an old captain, friend of Slocum’s and perhaps making a pilgrimage to Virginia’s grave.

[30:11] He celebrated christmas in Montevideo and New Year’s monasteries making further repairs to the spray in the latter city, as he noted in his memoir, I unde shipped the slopes mast at Buenos Aires and shortened it by seven ft.
I reduced the link to the bow spread by about five ft, and even then I found it reaching far enough from home and more than once when on the end of it reaching the Jib, I regretted that I had not shortened it by another foot.

[30:41] It was January 26, 1896, when the spray slipped out of Buenos Aires and headed south, Joshua. Slocum would never visit the city in his great loves resting place again.
Soon he’d be faced with the choice between rounding Cape Horn and sailing through the drake passage, which was lashed with gales and uncomfortably close to Antarctica,
or navigating the straits of Magellan, an inland passage that was hundreds of miles shorter and more sheltered from the antarctic winds, but made up of a confusing network of convoluted narrow channels,
some no more than a mile wide.
Would he risk polar storms on the open ocean, or risk getting lost and running the spray of ground again in the labyrinth of the straits.
For over two weeks he sailed through fearsome storms just to reach Cape Virgins, the entrance to the straits of Magellan and the beginning of the truly difficult sailing.

[31:42] On february 11th Captain Slocum steered the little spray into the narrow strait, threading the needle between two enormous standing waves as the tide rushed through the narrow channel,
That night a storm blew in and continued to lash the spray for 30 hours, during which time the little boat barely avoided being blown backwards out of the straits or, worse, dashed upon the rocks on either side.

[32:09] The spray in, its captain avoided disaster. However, with Slocum writing After this gale followed only a smart breeze, and the spray passing through the narrows without Mishap cast anchor at Sandy Point.
On February 14, 1896.
The ports that he tied up in coincidentally on my birthday, was a cooling station now known as punta arenas, operated by the Navy of chile, which had only recently claimed sovereignty over the straits from Argentina.
His description continues. Sandy Point boasts about 2000 inhabitants of mixed nationality, but mostly Chileans,
what with sheep farming, gold mining and hunting the settlers in this dreary land seemed not the worst off in the world,
but the natives, Patagonian and food wagon, on the other hand, whereas squalid as contact with unscrupulous traders could make them,
Slocum descriptions of indigenous people he met in all corners of the world are shot through with the casual racism of his era, and the Patagonian is fared no better or worse than any others.

[33:21] Biographer teller describes the warning that Slocum got about the indigenous people whose lands lay ahead, and his reaction to it.
The pork captain, at Sandy Point advice, Slocum to ship a few hands to fight off indians further west in the straight, but since no one cared to join him.
Slocum loaded his guns instead.
At this point an older sea captain stepped forward. Captain Pedro Sam blick a good Austrian of large experience presented. Slocum with a bag of carpet tacks, you must use them with discretion.
Sam blake said to Slocum that is to say. Don’t step on them yourself.
Slocum got the message, and as he wrote, I saw the way to maintain clear decks at night without the care of watching.

[34:11] The idea was that if you covered the deck and carpet tacks, anyone who planned to board the spray under cover of darkness would get a foot full of tax.

[34:20] Five days after blowing into Sandy point, the spray blew back out again on February 19.
The next day he turned 52 years old as he was fighting a new type of wind storm, known locally as the Willie was.

[34:36] The weather continued for three days, and as soon as it broke, Slocum claimed to have been pursued by several canoes of local indigenous people.
His description of this pursuit, in his memoir uses such offensive language that it doesn’t even bear repeating here.
Suffice it to say that the captain fired several warning shots into and around the canoes, and they left off the chase.

[34:59] The extreme weather of the Cape region being so close to Antarctica continued to batter the spray in her lonely captain,
By March three the had reached the mouth of the Strait on the Pacific side, but there she met a storm stronger than any other she had survived so far walter, magnus Teller wrote.
He had scarcely entered the pacific ocean when the wind hold northwest and turned into a very hard gale.
The same wind which 400 years before had driven drake south to discover Cape Horn.
Slocum could not hold his westward course. The spray, her sails blown to ribbons, ran before the wind under bare poles. She headed southeast, as though she would round the horn and carry Slocum back into the atlantic.

[35:50] On the 4th day of the Gale, Slocum believed he was nearing the point of Cape Horn.
Through a rift in the clouds he saw a mountain which he took for the Cape that decided them to backtrack and go to the Falkland Islands in the south, atlantic to refit.
He headed east actually, however, he was still 100 miles north of the cave, and instead of rounding it, he was fetching in towards the Cockburn channel.
One of the many arms of the straight night closed in before they reach land, leaving her feeling the way in the pitch darkness, he wrote,
hail and sleet, and the fierce squalls cut my flesh until the blood trickled over my face. But what of that?
It was daylight, and the slope was in the midst of the Milky Way of the sea, and it was the white breakers of a huge sea over sunken rocks which had threatened to engulf her through the night.
It was Fury Island I had sighted and steered, for God knows how my vessel escaped.

[36:52] After this mishap, the Cockburn channel dumped the spray back into the straight at a point that it had already passed weeks before, and hold up and keep forward, just a few miles from Sandy point, where the perilous crossing had begun.
Well more that forward. The captain was able to put the carpet tacks he had picked up weeks before into use writing here.
I pondered on the events of the last few days, and strangely enough, instead of feeling rested from sitting or lying down,
I now began to feel jaded, and more but a hot meal of venison stew soon put me right so that I could sleep as drowsiness came on.
I sprinkled the deck with tax, and then I turned in bearing in mind the advice of my old friend, Sam blake, that I was not to step on them myself.
I saw to it that not a few of them stood. Business end up, as this description continues.
Keep in mind what I said before about Slocum writing. Being steeped in the racism of his day.

[37:52] It is well known that one cannot step on attack without saying something about it.
A pretty good christian will whistle when he steps on the commercial end of a carpet tack. A savage will howl and claudia!
And that was just what happened that night. About 12:00 while I was asleep in the cabin, where the savages thought they had me sleeping all but changed their minds, and they stepped on deck for them. They thought that I or somebody else had them.
I had no need of a dog. They howled like a pack of hounds, I had hardly a use for a gun.
They jumped pell mell, some into their canoes and some into the sea to cool off.
I suppose there was a deal of free language over it.
As they went, I fired several guns when I came on deck to let the rascals know that I was home, and then I turned in again, feeling sure that I should not be disturbed anymore by people who left in so great a hurry.

[38:50] After all that another storm blew in while the captain was trying to sow new sails out of the tarps he had on board and pushed him all the way back to Sandy Point, where he arrived on March 12th,
three weeks of sailing had landed him back exactly where he started,
instead of making for ports, and paying to outfit the spray Again, Joshua, Slocum finished stitching his tarpaulin sales, hold them up and turn the bow to the west again.
By the first week of april the spray was anchored in the harbor of Puerto and gusto, the last relatively calm ports before the straits opened back up. On the pacific.

[39:29] At about this time, Bostonians got their first update from the captain since he left Pernambuco brazil in late october it had been long enough that some people have begun to worry that he was lost.
However, on April 3, 1896 the globe carried a brief piece on Slocum’s progress.
Though it was secondhand and already almost two months old Captain Joshua. Slocum, who sailed from East Boston on April 24, 1895 for a voyage around the world has been heard from by a boston man.
On February 16, the Dowdy Captain was at Sandy Point in the Straits of Magellan.
Captain Slocum is circumnavigating the globe alone in the 40 ft sloops spray.
After a tempestuous voyage across the Atlantic, he reached Pernambuco Brazil on October five.
That was the last heard of him. Until the letter just received in boston.
He says he has had a rough experience since he left Pernambuco It was his intention.
So the letter stated, to proceed to Sydney, Australia, to stop at Tahiti and the Society Islands, and also at Lonely Pitcairn Island, and then to go to the sandwich Islands.

[40:44] In the days that followed, the captain made six attempts to break through the tides and winds into the Great South Pacific,
The 7th time on April 13, 1896, he was successful,
Just over a week later the little slope spray broke out into the Great Pacific, finally landing in the Juan Fernandez Islands, about 400 miles off the Pacific coast of Chile, and almost halfway up the South American Landmass on April 27.
It had been six months since he had communicated with anyone back home.
But the very first group of locals he talked to had heard about his voyage.
In his memoir, Captain Slocum wrote one of the party, whom the rest called king spoke english.
The other spoke spanish.
They had all heard of the voyage of the spray through the papers of Valparaiso and we’re hungry for news concerning it.
They told me of a war between chile and the argentines, which I had not heard of. When I was there, About 45 people lived on the island and there was no telegraph line, a regular postal service to mainland Chile.
But the captain left word that any boston bound ships should tell people that he was all right before he left. He visited the cave of Robinson. Crusoe fictional character and a lookout used by alexander Selkirk.
A real life Castaway had spent four years on the island in total solitude before being picked up by a passing ship.

[42:13] He also enlisted the Children of the island and helping him restock taking them into the woods where they helped him gather figs, peaches and quinces for the upcoming voyage.
He paid a local woman in tallow too, so new sales for the spray fill these casks of water, And on May five, just about a year since he left the us behind a cluster.
He sailed north out of the one Fernandez Islands in search of the trade winds.

[42:42] Slocum had to sail the little slope considerably further north than he had expected to find the trades, but when he did they were off to the races.

[42:52] The spray raced west as though shot out of a gun passing the Marquesas Island group on the 43rd day, without so much as slowing down.
During this period, Captain Slocum says that the sloop sailed straight and true for an entire month, without needing a hand on the tiller.
When he passed the mark cases, the captain got out all of his celestial navigation gear in his old 10 clock, and painstakingly calculated his position by shooting the moon with his sextant and consulting his lunar tables.

[43:24] In the end his calculated position was only five miles from the point he had arrived, at by dead reckoning he was even able to detect an error and a logarithms on one of his tables with such favorable winds.
The spray bypassed the marketplaces, and our captain set his sights on Samoa.
In the meantime the captain later wrote, I sat and read my books, mended my clothes or cook my meals and ate them in peace.
I had already found that it was not good to be alone, and so I made companionship with what there was around me, sometimes with the universe, and sometimes with my own insignificant self.
But my books were always my friends let fail all else nothing could be easier or more restful than my voyage.
In the trade winds he listened to passing whales, shot every shark he saw with his revolver and gathered flying fish from the sprays decks for breakfast in the morning.

[44:27] Finally the captain of the spray caught sight of land again.
It was Samoa, and this time the captain stopped coming into the harbor at a pia on july 16th.
His run from Juan Fernandez had taken 72 days, during which time he had not seen a single person, not a distant sale, or for the 1st 43 days until passing them our cases,
not even a distant island during the daytime, or a faint light at night.

[44:57] In his memoir, Joshua Slocum wrote effusively about Samoan culture, like the customs surrounding work meals, gift giving and more.
He marveled at the lack of materialism on the island at least compared to what he was used to. In boston.
HBO was a large enough town to have a newspaper, and the newspaper was part of a wire service, so the world could read in a story filed July 25,
on examining the sprays charts, our reporter traced the course of the vessel from Cape Sable to Gibraltar Vince V.
A canary in Cape verde islands, to Pernambuco The nearest point of the northwest of the south american continent.
Vince, to Rio de janeiro Montevideo buenos Aires and Sandy Point.
Then through the straits of Magellan up the west coast of the continent, to the island of juan Fernandez, thence to Samoa,
we claim that captain Slocum is as great a man in his generation as the immortal columbus was in the past, and should he succeed in accomplishing his task of which we have but little doubt, and for which he has our best wishes.
He will stand singularly alone in his department as the Great 19th century exponent of pluck, self reliance and indomitable energy and perseverance.

[46:17] This publicity and promotion was priceless. Not only for telling his friends and family back home in boston that he was still alive, but also by raising his notoriety in the profile of his voyage.
He hoped to increase demand for the book he had committed to writing about the trip.
Think of this coverage is the viral marketing campaign of its time, but Captain Slocum had sailed for Samoa for more than just press coverage and relaxation.
He was also there to make a pilgrimage A few months before he left Boston, the death of the novelist, Robert Louis Stevenson had been reported during the week of Christmas 1894.

[46:56] The author of kidnapped and treasure island had inspired a generation of Children to look to the sea for adventure and Slocum may have seen himself as following in the old writer’s footsteps.
In his memoir, Slocum described how the day after the spray anchored in a pia, the writer’s widow Fanny introduced herself,
next morning, bright and early mrs robert louis Stevenson came to the spray and invited me to calima the following day.
I was of course, thrilled when I found myself after so many days of adventure, face to face with this bright woman.
So lately, the companion of the author who had delighted me on the voyage.
The kindly eyes that looked me through and through sparkled when we compared notes of adventure.
I marveled at some of her experiences and escapes. She told me that along with her husband, she had voyaged in all manner of rickety craft among the islands of the pacific, reflectively adding our tastes are similar.

[47:59] Following the subject of voyages. She gave me the four beautiful volumes of sailing directories for the Mediterranean writing on the flyleaf for the first two Captain Slocum These volumes have been read and reread many times by my husband.
I am very sure that he would be pleased that they should be passed on to the sort of seafaring man that he liked above all others.
Fanny V. D. E. G. Stevenson, mrs Stevenson also gave me a great directory of the indian ocean.
It was not without a feeling of reverential awe that I received the books.

[48:36] The Stevenson family invited Slocum to visit their home, and even told him to see himself at the old writer’s desk to write his correspondence.
They toured the town with him and Fannie joined the captain in his tiny half dory for a tour of the spray with the captain, noting the adventure. Please Mrs Stevenson greatly.
And as we paddled along she sang, they went to see in a pea green boat.
I can understand her saying of her husband and herself. Our tastes were similar much as he appears to have enjoyed his time in Samoa, and who can blame him?
Another commitment was weighing on Joshua. Slocum’s bind.
Finally, after a little more than a month on the Enchanted Island Tellers biography describes how he left Samoa and arrived down under On 20 August 1896.
Slocum weighed anchor, and the spray stood out to sea, feeling very lonely as the islands were ceded and faded.
Slocum resorted to his old remedy, making himself as busy as possible.
He crowded on sale and steered for lovely Australia with its memories of 25 years before Virginia’s ken, waited to welcome him.
But again, not a word of Virginia got into his book.

[49:57] In sailing alone around the world, he wrote only that Australia was not a strange land to him,
Another 42 days of sailing much of it through storms and gales carried them over the international date line clear across the South Pacific to Newcastle, New South Wales.

[50:14] Slocum arrived at Newcastle quote and the teeth of the gale of wind early in october, almost a year and a half at elapse since he last saw boston, he was halfway around the world.
He had already accomplished what no sailor known to history had done before.

[50:34] On october 1st the boston globe reported that the spray had arrived in Australia the day before,
and as a reminder of what this looked like after all that had been absent from boston harbor for a year and a half, the paper printed the etching of the spray sailing out of boston harbor again,
they’re in Australia.
The local papers have already been publishing the dispatches that Slocum filed along his way, and they gushed when he arrived in their harbor with the Sydney morning herald writing,
Captain Slocum is hailed everywhere as a worthy descendant of an illustrious line of sea kings.
And so probably it will be to the end of time, the highest intellectual development is not likely ever to lessen the delight which we all natural feel in stirring action and worthy deeds worthy lee carried to an end.
Slocum proceeded to Sydney on October 10, and moved on to Melbourne on December six.

[51:34] His beloved first wife Virginia isn’t mentioned in the book that resulted from the trip, but one has to imagine that the time spent with her family was bittersweet.
It was a fine summer in the southern hemisphere, and Slocum had time to kill while he waited for the winds to turn.
He spent some time exploring Tasmania, and he didn’t seem at all rushed,
probably because he was making money, as Teller points out in Australia, Slocum learned to show off the spray in Tasmania had a lecture.

[52:08] The Spray returned to Sydney from Tasmania on April 22, 1897.
Just two days short of two years since sailing out of boston harbor On May nine, he headed north up the Australian coast in search of a wind that would carry him safely through the Torres strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea.

[52:28] At this point he lost contact with boston again, so it took some time to fully leave Australia behind.
By July two, he had passed the island of timor to the north while the coast of Australia began dropping away to the south,
the spray and it’s Captain Island hopped across the indian ocean, touching sometimes on uninhabited atolls, sometimes staying a few days in small villages and always topping up the water casks and taking on as much produce as they could hold.
The going was slow, however, and the captain had not been diligent about communicating with his family back home.
Some accounts say that the last time he sent word home was upon arriving in Australia in October 1896.
So when no further news was received by September 1897, his family feared the worst.
Then finally, a wire service story announced to the world the little yacht spray in which captain Joshua slocum is voyaging has been heard of again.
This time it is at Portland’s lewis Meridius. Many months ago, the spray touched at Samoa and in Australia and her daring captain then sailed boldly out into the open ocean again.

[53:46] When Captain Slocum was not heard from after a reasonable length of time.
His relatives in Massachusetts gave him up for lost, but it seems that the seas were propitious as a dispatch. Under the date of September 22 states that the spray has arrived at Port Louis.
The captain had nearly completed his crossing of the Indian ocean from Meridius, he planned across the Madagascar and follow the African coast down around the Cape of Good Hope and into the atlantic once more.

[54:16] However, before any of that could happen, he had to wait again for a season with favorable weather, since september was still late winter, early spring there,
in the month when he carried it, Meridius, a local botanist, named a newly discovered species of flower, Slocum in honor of their shared hardiness.

[54:36] Leaving this island haven. October 26, the past reunion island navigated toward Madagascar, then turned down the Mozambique channel And finally arrived in what was then called Port Natal and is now Durban South Africa.
On November seven harbor pilot and a steam tug led the spray in across the bar, but she went under her own power, and with Slocum at the helm, who wrote,
it, was blowing a smart gail and was too rough for the slope to be towed with safety.
The trick of going in, I learned by watching the steamer it was simply to keep on the windward side of the channel and take the commerce, and on.

[55:16] An article about his arrival from the Nettle Advertiser was reprinted around the world, stating the spray with a crew of one man.
Captain Joshua Slocum arrived at this sport yesterday afternoon on her cruise around the world the spray made quite an auspicious entrance tune at all.
Her commander sailed his craft right up the channel, past the main war from ST paul’s wharf and chopped anchor near the old four Runner and the creek before anyone had a chance to get aboard.
The spray was naturally an object of great curiosity to the point people, and her arrival was witnessed by a large crowd.
The skillful manner in which Captain Slocum steered his craft about the vessels which were occupying the waterways was a treat to witness, and when the spray was at last, who’ve to a hearty cheer, greeted the daring mariner.

[56:09] Captain Slocum took a fairly leisurely break in natal, introducing himself to everyone from the colonial governor to the famous explorer Stanley of Dr Livingston, I presume fame.

Bert And Ernie:
[56:23] That’s a doctor. Go ahead. Ask him. Do you really think I should burn after all this time?
Could be the wrong doctor. Will you please? Go ahead.

[56:35] Hurry. Mhm. Dr Livingston, I presume.
Yes. Sam Livingston Jungle Doctor. Oh we found it.
We found him at last week from hundreds of miles through the hot, steaming jungle, hungry, thirsty, tired. Ask him. Just ask him. Okay, Dr Livingston, Yes. We’ve come 100 miles through the steaming jungle just to ask you one question. What is it?
Well, here it comes. Mhm.

[57:05] What’s up, doc.

Jake:
[57:08] Finally he headed out again on December 14 with only one major obstacle standing between himself and home, which he hadn’t seen in 2.5 years.
He would still have to navigate the treacherous, stormy and shark filled waters around the Cape of Good Hope, the southernmost point in the African continent.
After the drama of a months long attack on the straits of Magellan around south africa, the sprays passage around the Cape of Good Hope is almost anticlimactic.

[57:38] In his account, the captain recorded On Christmas 1897, I came to the pitch of the Cape on this day the spray was trying to stand on her head, and she gave me every reason to believe that she would accomplish the feat. Before night.
She began very early in the morning to pitch and toss about in the most unusual manner, and I have to record that while I was at the end of the ball spritz briefing the jib, she ducked me under the water three times for a christmas box.
I got wet and did not like it a bit.
Never in any other C was I put under more than once in the same short space of time, say three minutes.
A large english steamer passing ran up the signal, wishing you a merry christmas.

[58:24] I think the captain was a humorist. His own ship was throwing a propeller out of the water Despite a good soaking slocum in the spray arrived safe and sound in Cape Town. By the first week of January 1898.
You’d expect the captain to make a quick turnaround and race for home in hopes of making it before the third anniversary of his departure.
Instead, he put the spray into dry dock for an overhaul and went out on an extended tour of the colony for three whole months. He took trains to Pretoria, Kimberley and Johannesburg.
He viewed african wildlife from a safe distance and he argued with government officials who were convinced that he was lying about the purpose of his voyage because everyone knows that the world is flat after all.

[59:11] For a colony that would find itself embroiled in an imperial war in less than a year.
Their second in a decade, they extended a warm welcome to the american captain.
After all, when you haven’t seen your wife and kids for 2.5 years, what’s a few more months?

[59:29] Slocum finally departed South African waters on March 26,
writing that he spent nearly all day every day in the next few weeks devouring the new books that have been added to his onboard library by the british colonizers in South Africa.

[59:46] When he needed to rest his eyes to clear his head, he would come out on deck and watch the seals dolphins and flying fish frolicking around the spray sailing before the wind.
This was another stretch of ocean where he barely had to touch the wheel for thousands of miles at a time, adjusting his course only after spending a week exploring the island of Saint Helena, where napoleon had been exiled here.
The governor gave him the gift of a goat For both companionship and food.
But the animal ate his ropes and navigational charts, two items of utmost importance to a solo circum navigator.
He couldn’t bring himself to kill it for food writing.
I found myself in no mood to make one life lesson the world, except in self defense.
And as I sailed, this trade of the hermit character grew until the mention of killing food animals was revolting to me, however well, it may have enjoyed a chicken stew afterward.
At Samoa, a new self rebelled. The thoughts suggested there of carrying chickens to be slain from my table on the voyage.
To kill the companions of my voyage and eat them would be indeed next to murder and cannibalism.

[1:01:00] He visited ascension Island in the middle of the atlantic marooning is go to shore there and moved on. After only three days with Teller writing.
Three days of ascension were enough.
Slocum had reached the back stretch. The voyage was speeding up, Passing at night south of Fernando de Noronha, a Brazilian island group, 200 miles offshore.
The spray crossed the track homeward bound that she had made on the voyage out,
Though still in the South Atlantic and 4000 miles from home, Slocum had come full circle once more, the old familiar waters breezing along the coast of brazil.
The spray sailed worthy equipped nick and the liver dot had left their tracks strange and long forgotten current rebels pattern against the slope sides and grateful music.
I sat quietly listening. He wrote.
The spray crossed the equator on May 14 and on the 18th, Captain Slocum wrote in the ship’s log book tonight in latitude seven degrees 13 minutes north.
For the first time in nearly three years I see the north star.
He was so close to home. He could almost taste it.

[1:02:13] He island hopped through the caribbean writing what we’re probably charming descriptions in his own era of the people he met along the way, but are now so virulently racist. I found them hard to read.
I found them hard to read.

[1:02:28] On June 5th the spray left the Caribbean Islands behind, turning out to sea from Antigua as her captain set a course for home, hoping at first to make landfall at Cape Hatteras. North Carolina.
Then changing his mind along the way and heading for new york city.
The little spray would face one more trial before a voyage was over, almost within sight of the new york skyline.
Whether captain writing Day and night I worked this loop in toward the coast where on 25 June of Fire Island, she fell into the tornado which an hour earlier had swept over New York City,
with lightning that wrecked buildings and sent trees flying about in splinters.
It was the climax storm of the voyage. The slope shivered when it struck her and she healed over unwillingly on her beamon’s, but rounding to with a sea anchor ahead, she righted and faced out the storm,
in the mix of the gale, I could do no more than look on for what is a man in a storm like this thunderbolt, spelling the C.
All about up to this time I was bound for new york, but when all was over I rose, made sale and hope the loop around from starboard to port tack to make for a quiet harbor.

[1:03:46] He sailed all the next day and when the sun rose on the day after that the spray was safe and sound in Newport harbor.
Having covered over 46,000 miles in three years, two months and two days, the boston globe noted the spray.
Captain Joshua slocum of boston came into Newport harbor at 3 30 this morning.
Tonight she and her gallant skipper were visited by hundreds tomorrow or the next day. The spray will go to boston Once it sailed April 24, 1895.
Captain Slocum’s first thought upon reaching Newport’s was of his wife, and he wired her at once.
Mrs Slocum is expected tomorrow. three times she has thought I’m dead.
Therefore, he eagerly looks forward to his reunion with her.

[1:04:39] His arrival after over three years away received surprisingly little press coverage, especially considering all the stories that Captain Slocum had filed from ports around the world.
He was bumped off the front pages for the same reason that the spray had to dodge minds on the way into Newport harbor.
The spanish american war had just begun.
Nonetheless, he got a telegraph the next day offering to publish the story that eventually became the book, sailing alone around the world as a serial at first and century magazine,
and the closing paragraphs of that resulting book, the captain wrote The spray was not quite satisfied until I sailed her around to her birthplace, Fairhaven massachusetts further along,
So on July three with a fair wind, she waltzed beautifully around the coast and up the cushion it river to fair haven, where I secured her to the cedar spiral driven in the bank to hold her when she was launched.
In his biography, walter magnus teller describes this homecoming.
Soon after Slocum arrived in Fairhaven, he received a visit from victor and Garfield.
The former mate was now 26. Garfield 15 victor wrote that his father greeted him vic. You could have done it, but you would not be the first.

[1:06:01] Even before the book was published. Captain Slocum began making a tidy living by exhibiting the spray and giving lectures about his adventures and venues all over the boston area,
Joshua and Heady moved in with one of Eddie’s sisters at 57 West Eagle Street in east where the captain got busy writing, Tell her quotes a letter to his editor on January 30, 1899 that says,
this is to report the spray.
My typewriter and I are working along around Cape Horn now and will soon have some work ready to submit.

[1:06:36] Sailing alone around the world was published in 1899, receiving high praise and selling briskly.

[1:06:43] In 1901 he took the spray to the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo.
It was highly compensated and received lots of great publicity for the book.
After the royalty checks started rolling in Joshua and Heady Slocum moved out of east boston and bought a farm on Martha’s vineyard.
They began drifting apart even after his three year solo voyage, Joshua.
Slocum wasn’t done with the sea before long it was basically living on the spray,
making friends with President teddy Roosevelt, teaching tr’s young son, Archie how to sail, finding new cities to deliver his riveting lecture in for a small fee and wintering in the caribbean. Most years.
Hattie declined to join him. Finally, one winter, he didn’t come back In July 1910.
Heddy told the Boston Globe, I believe beyond all doubt that Captain Slocum is lost.
He sailed November 12, 1908, going south for the sake of his health.
I had often accompanied them on short voyages, but I did not like to go on so long a voyage, although he desired it.
We expected to hear from him when he reached the Bahamas and always made a point of keeping his publishers informed.
Neither of us has received word, and the steamship companies that run to the Bahamas have no tidings beyond the report a few days after his sailing.

[1:08:11] In 1911, as the anniversary of the sprays departure from Boston approach the globe reported on April 17,
Captain Joshua Slocum who could truthfully boast that in 20 years as a navigator, he never lost a man,
has succeeded in losing himself all trace of the intrepid mariner, having failed since he set sail in 1908 for a trip to the West Indies in the sleep spray.
No word from the captain has ever reached home and his wife who resides at West Tisbury has at last yielded to the belief that he has perished, probably in a midnight collision between some steamer and his little craft.
In 1914, head, he married a vineyard banker and she outlived him as well, dying in West Tisbury on October 18, 1952.

[1:09:03] To learn more about Joshua Slocum’s first solo circumnavigation of the globe.
Check out this week’s show notes at hub history dot com slash 248.
I’ll have a number of photos and sketches that were reproduced in period newspapers and it’s Slocum memoir, sailing alone around the world.
I linked to all the news accounts that I quoted from in this episode, as well as the text of sailing alone around the world and the voyage of the liver Dodd, both of which are in the public domain.

[1:09:35] I’ll also link to walter magnus tellers biography of Slocum that I quoted from so liberally, which is not in the public domain.

[1:09:45] If you’d like to get in touch with this, you can email us at podcast at hub history dot com.
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Music

Jake:
[1:10:29] That’s all for now. Stay safe out there listeners.